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中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******

　　中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。

　　资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄

　　由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。

　　麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。

　　一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。

　　此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。

　　作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。

　　美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。

　　这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。

　　从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。

　　两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。

　　House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy

　　(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".

　　The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.

　　Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.

　　On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.

　　On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.

　　Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.

　　As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.

　　But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.

　　CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.

　　This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.

　　Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.

　　From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.

　　Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.

　　The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.

严防严治积分兑换的运营商“李鬼”******

李英锋

　　“差点就‘入坑’了。”日前，北京市朝阳区消费者李女士告诉记者，1月2日，她收到一条积分即将到期的短信，告诉她需尽快打开链接兑换商品，否则积分就会在1月3日清零。她以为是移动手机号的积分，想着以前也兑换过话费，就打开链接看看。但在选完商品、填好地址之后，准备付差价之前，李女士觉得有必要跟10086客服核实一下商品的原价，一核实才知道该活动并非官方活动。(1月10日《工人日报》)

　　表面上看是用积分兑换福利，实则是坑骗消费者的陷阱。一些经营者冒充品牌客服、模仿三大运营商服务号码向消费者发送短信，用手机话费积分限期兑换、过期清零的“忽悠术”来给消费者制造积分兑换的紧迫感，诱导消费者进入所谓的积分商城，并用大比例的“打折优惠”来进一步激发消费者的积分“兑换欲”。然而，消费者在这样的山寨积分兑换活动中得到的很可能是虚假打折商品、质次价高商品、假冒伪劣商品、库存积压商品，不仅得不到实惠，还可能会被经营者“薅羊毛”“割韭菜”，既失分，又失财。

　　还有一点令人担忧——有的经营者通过山寨积分兑换模式骗取消费者的个人信息，继而通过出售、泄露、广告营销、不法使用等方式进一步侵犯消费者的个人信息权、安宁权等权益。更值得注意的是，这些信息还可能成为不法分子实施电信诈骗的目标。

　　诱导消费者进行积分兑换的运营商“李鬼”，踩踏了法律底线和诚信底线，涉嫌虚假夸大宣传、价格欺诈、销售假劣商品、仿冒混淆销售。引人误认为是他人商品或者与他人存在特定联系等违法行为，扰乱了市场秩序，妨碍了公平竞争，不仅侵犯了消费者的合法权益，也抹黑了被仿冒、被模仿的电信运营商的名誉、形象，侵犯了相关运营商的合法权益。

　　对于此类积分兑换“李鬼”，一定要严防严治。电信服务经营者要通过“大数据+人工”的方式加强对积分兑换类短信、号段的监测核实，一旦发现冒充移动、联通等运营商发送积分兑换短信或涉诈异常信息的行为，及时采取屏蔽、拦截、断链等措施，实时动态封堵，并向有关部门报告，启动全链条深层治理。

　　主流运营商应联合网络平台对各类积分兑换商城进行排查，对官方兑换商城进行标记，对仿冒的兑换商城进行揭露，向消费者发布警示信息。市场监管等部门还有必要畅通投诉举报渠道，以问题为导向加强对仿冒兑换商城的治理，依法严厉打击虚假宣传、价格欺诈、仿冒、售假等违法行为，该处罚处罚，该责改责改，该曝光曝光，该拉“黑”拉“黑”，让违法经营者付出应有的法律代价，充分释放法律的惩戒、震慑、警示、教育、拒止功能。

　　此外，消费者也应在收到积分兑换类短信时擦亮眼睛，多长个心眼，多一分理性和谨慎，少一分轻信盲从，通过官方渠道积极对比、核实有关信息，规避侵权陷阱。

　　只有各方责任主体凝聚共识，形成合力，从严防治，让积分兑换“李鬼”成为人人喊打的过街老鼠，积分兑换“李鬼”才会寸步难行，才会失去其生存的土壤。

　　漫画/陈彬

　　（文图：赵筱尘 巫邓炎）